巴马小型猪冠状动脉微栓塞后白细胞介素-1受体相关激酶1、肿瘤坏死因子受体相关因子6及AU碱基富集区RNA结合因子1mRNA的表达及意义

目的 探讨巴马小型猪冠状动脉微栓塞(CME)后心肌组织白细胞介素-1受体相关激酶1(IRAK1)、肿瘤坏死因子受体相关因子6 (TRAF6)及AU碱基富集区RNA结合因子1(AUF1)的动态表达情况及其意义.方法 将30只巴马小型猪分为假手术组(n=5)和CME组(n=25).CME组经微导管于左前降支中远端注入微栓塞球混悬液;假手术组注射等量生理盐水.将CME组均分为5组于建模后3h、6h、9h、12h、24 h进行观察;假手术组小型猪于6h后进行观察.光镜下观察各组心肌组织改变,并检测心肌组织IRAK1、TRAF6及AUF1 mRNA表达.结果 建模后6h,CME组血管内均可见微栓塞球,周围出现微梗死灶.建模后6h,与假手术组比较,CME组心肌组织IRAK1、TRAF6及AUF1 mRNA的表达水平均显著增加(P＜0.05).CME组心肌组织IRAK1、TRAF6及AUF1 mRNA的表达水平都在建模后3h和6h升高,9h达高峰,12 h和24 h下降;与3h和24 h比较,CME组9h心肌组织IRAK1、TRAF6及AUF1 mRNA的表达水平均显著增加(P＜0.05).结论 IRAK1、TRAF6及AUF1 mRNA高表达于CME后心肌组织,并呈现出明显的时间变化规律.     

新型组合型肝肾支持系统治疗西藏小型猪急性肾衰模型的实验研究

目的：评估新型组合型肝肾支持系统治疗西藏小型猪肾衰模型的安全性及有效性。方法将5头西藏小型猪采用结扎双侧肾动脉的方法构建肾衰模型,造模后治疗组用新型组合型肝肾支持系统进行治疗（CRRT模式）,对照组造模后不进行治疗,在治疗0、4、8h抽取静脉血进行内毒素、生化检测及需氧菌培养厌氧菌培养,观察造模前后、治疗前后西藏小型猪的各项生化指标的变化;实验过程中每2小时记录仪器的各项压力监测指标。结果两组实验动物肾衰模型均构建成功,治疗组经过新型组合型肝肾支持系统治疗后,一般情况改善;对照组动物一般情况持续恶化。实验动物在实验过程中,心电图未出现明显异常,两组动物在0 h时生命体征差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）,其余时段治疗组心率和呼吸频率明显低于对照组（P＜0．05）,而血氧饱和度和平均动脉压明显高于对照组（P＜0．05）;造模前两组实验动物的生化指标差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）;造模后两组动物与造模前相比差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）;治疗组经肝肾支持系统治疗后,各项生化指标明显下降,与治疗前相比,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）;而对照组未出现明显变化。内毒素水平均低于0．5 EU／mL ,动静脉端需氧、厌氧菌培养结果显示未见细菌生长。病理检查见明显的肾小管上皮肿胀、肾小管坏死。结论新型组合型肝肾支持系统用于治疗西藏小型猪肾衰模型是安全、有效的,可进一步尝试用于临床试验。     

Detection of Foot‐and‐mouth Disease Virus RNA and Capsid Protein in Lymphoid Tissues of Convalescent Pigs Does Not Indicate Existence of a Carrier State

A systematic study was performed to investigate the potential of pigs to establish and maintain persistent foot‐and‐mouth disease virus (FMDV) infection. Infectious virus could not be recovered from sera, oral, nasal or oropharyngeal fluids obtained after resolution of clinical infection with any of five FMDV strains within serotypes A, O and Asia‐1. Furthermore, there was no isolation of live virus from tissue samples harvested at 28–100 days post‐infection from convalescent pigs recovered from clinical or subclinical FMD. Despite lack of detection of infectious FMDV, there was a high prevalence of FMDV RNA detection in lymph nodes draining lesion sites harvested at 35 days post‐infection, with the most frequent detection recorded in popliteal lymph nodes (positive detection in 88% of samples obtained from non‐vaccinated pigs). Likewise, at 35 dpi, FMDV capsid antigen was localized within follicles of draining lymph nodes, but without concurrent detection of FMDV non‐structural protein. There was a marked decline in the detection of FMDV RNA and antigen in tissue samples by 60 dpi, and no antigen or viral RNA could be detected in samples obtained at 100 dpi. The data presented herein provide the most extensive investigation of FMDV persistence in pigs. The overall conclusion is that domestic pigs are unlikely to be competent long‐term carriers of infectious FMDV; however, transient persistence of FMDV protein and RNA in lymphoid tissues is common following clinical or subclinical infection.     

Evaluation of Oral Bait Vaccine Efficacy Against Classical Swine Fever in Village Backyard Pig Farms in Bhutan

Control and eradication of classical swine fever (CSF) in countries with a high proportion of backyard holdings is a challenge. Conventional attenuated Chinese C‐strain vaccines, though safe and effective, are difficult to use in backyard farms due to various practical reasons. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the CSF oral bait vaccine in village backyard pig farms and to assess the farmers' knowledge on CSF and motivation on using oral vaccines. The pigs were fed the bait by the farmers themselves; one bait was given on day 0, followed by second bait on the next day. Seventy‐three per cent (140 of 193 pigs) of vaccinated pigs had either a slight (2‐fold–3‐fold; 60 pigs) or significant (at least 4‐fold; 80 pigs) increase of the antibody titre against CSFV. A significant increase of the antibody titres was mainly observed in pigs with no pre‐vaccination titre (OR = 12, 95% CI = 4–40). The number of pigs with protective antibody titres (≥40) rose from 47 (24%) to 115 (60%) following vaccination. Only 30% of the farmers claimed to be familiar with CSF, although clinical signs they mentioned were rather unspecific and could relate to many other pig diseases. Most of the farmers claimed to be motivated to use oral vaccines if made available. The oral vaccine could be a substitute for the conventional attenuated CSF vaccines in areas where it is logistically difficult for veterinarians to visit. It may therefore be a useful tool to combat endemic CSF disease in regions where the disease continues to have a serious impact on the backyard farmers who depend on pig farming for their sustenance and livelihoods.     

血清一氧化氮变化对豚鼠庆大霉素耳毒性作用影响的实验研究

目的:探讨豚鼠血清一氧化氮变化在药物性耳聋过程中的作用机制. 方法:24只健康豚鼠随机均分为正常组、庆大霉素组、庆大霉素加L.精氨酸(全程)组和庆大霉素加L一精氨酸(半程)组.观察各种豚鼠血清中一氧化氮、听觉脑干反应、内耳外毛细胞的形态学变化. 结果:庆大霉素组血清中一氧化氮与正常组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);L-精氨酸全程组和半程组治疗后血清中一氧化氮高于正常组和庆大霉素组(P＜0.05～P＜0.01).L一精氨酸组ABR反应阈较庆大霉素组降低(P＜0.05).L-精氨酸组内耳外毛细胞仅有散在损失. 结论:一氧化氮一定量升高对内耳毛细胞有细胞毒性作用,进一步升高则对外毛细胞有保护作用.L-精氨酸治疗能降低ABR阈值,减少外毛细胞损害,对耳蜗有保护作用.     

Histamine-induced bronchoconstriction in conscious guinea pigs measured by strain-gauge transduction A new method

Engel A, Lundberg L, Faarup P, Faurschou P. Histamine-induced bronchoconstriction in conscious guinea pigs measured by strain-gauge transduction. A new method.
A new objective method for measuring histaminedihydrochloride-induced bronchoconstriction in conscious guinea pigs has been developed. The aim of the present work was to investigate whether identical results could be obtained when the clinical observation of conscious guinea pigs with symptoms of respiratory distress (bronchoconstriction) was compared to an objective measuring technique of this parameter. An evaluation of the repeatability of the method was made and the respiration frequence (fR) and histamincdihydrochloride challenge concentration were compared to see whether there was a correlation between the two. Consequently, an appartatus was built that allowed simultaneous recording of breathing pattern and clinical observation of the animal being challenged. The breathing pattern was recorded by a strain-gauge transducer, connected to a measuring bridge, and the curves obtained on a jet ink x-y writer were used for calculating changes in duration of expiratory phase (T_e) and fR. During the attacks of histaminedihydrochloride-induced bronchoconstriction a significantly prolonged T_e could be calculated from the respiration curves. A high degree of agreement was found between this objective measure and clinically observed respiratory distress. The repeatability of the method was comparable to that of corresponding methods used for histaminedihydrochloride challenge in man. No obvious correlation was found between changes in fR and histamincdihydrochloride challenge concentration.     

Genetic control of eosinophilia in guinea pig strains inbred for high or low bronchial allergic reactivity 2. A genetic study of spontaneous and immunization-induced eosinophilia

Ploug Winthereik M, Spärck JV, Lundberg L, Sompolinsky D. Genetic control of eosinophilia in guinea pig strains inbred for high or low bronchial allergic reactivity. 2. A genetic study of spontaneous and immunization-induced eosinophilia.
In 4 inbred strains of guinea pig the tendency to develop peripheral high-eosinophilia was shown to be genetically controlled. The development of eosinophilia with age and following immunization was examined in high- and low-eosinophilic parental strains, in F₁-hybrids and in backcross offspring. The results show that probably only one or a very few segregating genes control eosinophilia, and they also indicate that different genes are involved in the determination of spontaneous (age-related) and immunization-induced eosinophilia.     

广东省河源市龙川县紫市镇猫、犬、猪、鼠寄生虫感染情况调查

目的了解广东省河源市龙川县猫、犬、猪、鼠寄生虫感染情况，为人体寄生虫病防治工作提供科学依据。方法采用生理盐水直接涂片法和清水自然沉淀集卵法，检查猫、犬、猪、鼠粪便，查找寄生虫虫卵。结果调查猫、犬、猪、鼠粪便271份，检出寄生虫卵89份，寄生虫总感染率为32．84％。以猫、犬寄生虫感染率最高。寄生虫感染度以猫粪中的曼氏迭宫绦虫最高，平均每张玻片检出虫卵580个。检出寄生虫卵6种：钩虫卵、蛔虫卵、鞭虫卵、曼氏迭宫绦虫卵、长膜壳绦虫卵和姜片虫卵。猫、犬、猪、鼠各种寄生虫感染情况，以钩虫、蛔虫、鞭虫和曼氏迭宫绦虫感染多见。猪感染寄生虫种类最多。结论广东省河源市龙川县紫市镇猫、犬、猪、鼠寄生虫感染情况比较严重，以猫、犬为甚。寄生虫感染种类较多，提示当地人群也可能有同类寄生虫感染，应引起当地政府和卫生防疫部门的高度重视。     

High rates of excitatory miniature currents in crayfish claw opener muscle evoked by high concentrations of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in normal and Ca2+-deficient superfusions

High concentrations (0.5 mol/l) of the neutral amino acid GABA were used to evoke release of transmitter quanta from excitatory terminals at voltage clamped crayfish muscle fibres in normal and Ca²⁺-deficient superfusions. An experiment in which the release of transmitter quanta proceeded at high rates in both normal and Ca²⁺-deficient superfusion was analyzed in detail indicating a Ca²⁺-independent mechanism of release. In the normal superfusion, on application of GABA, the release rates ñ increased within a few seconds up to about 6000 quanta/s and thereafter declined exponentially with a time constant $\text{τ}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>q</mtext>}}\text{) = 18.5}\text{s}$, most likely due to depletion of a readily releasable store of transmitter in the excitatory nerve terminals comprising at least 110,000 quanta per muscle fibre. Assuming that about 1900 excitatory synapses exist per muscle fibre [9], it results that about 58 quanta can be associated with each synapse in agreement with morphological data [15] which show that between 47–117 vesicles exist in a single glutamatergic synapse of crayfish.